Foreign Investment And Its Effect On The Economic Growth...

As we discuss in the second chapter, inward foreign investment is believed to boost the economic growth of host countries directly through employment creation and capital formation, and indirectly through knowledge, technology, and information spillovers. Multinationals have superior technologies, technical know-how, and managerial and marketing experiences than domestic firms. Similarly, exporting firms, domestic or foreign, have advantages over non-exporting firms regarding access to advanced technologies that are more productive and efficient. However, multinationals and exporters may not fully internalize the benefits of these assets. The benefits may spillover to domestic and non-exporting firms through market interactions,†¦show more content†¦Unlike the spillovers from foreign investment, there are a handful of studies regarding spillovers from exporting firms, particularly local exporting enterprises. The access to advanced technologies and well informed foreign clie nts compel exporters to improve their efficiency, marketing strategy, and product quality. Their knowledge of new technologies and products, as well as information on international markets and clients, may spillover to improve the productivity of local non-exporting enterprises. Exporters are also likely to create a more competitive environment in local markets that will create pressure on the non-exporting firms to improve their performance so as to stay in business and maintain their market share. A study by cite{alvarez} shows positive productivity spillovers from domestic and foreign-owned exporting firms to their local suppliers in upstream sectors (backward spillover). Similarly, cite{girma8} suggests that horizontal spillovers arise from the export-oriented foreign firms, while the domestic-market oriented firms produce backward spillovers. Besides, cite{wei} finds a positive inter-industry but negative intra-industry spillovers from export activities in China s manufacturing industry. According to the micro (firm-level) literature on productivity, there are three sources of total factor productivity (TFP) growth: technical progress, technical efficiencyShow MoreRelatedForeign Direct Investment ( Fdi )1487 Words   |  6 Pages Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a major or key element in international economic integration. Foreign Direct Investment creates a stable, direct and long lasting connections between economies. It therefore encourages the transfer of technology know how between countries and allow the host country to promote its products more widely in international markets. It is also and additional source of funding for investments and it can also be an important form of development. Foreign Direct InvestmentRead MoreEconomic Growth And Foreign Direct Investment1103 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Introduction: Economic growth and benefits of foreign direct investment depend on factors such as the industry and the learning curve. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is, â€Å"a controlling ownership in a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country.† [1] There are three strategic types of FDI: Horizontal FDI, Platform FDI, and Vertical FDI. The horizontal FDI is, â€Å"when a firms duplicates its home country-based activatesRead MoreForeign Direct Investment ( Fdi )1557 Words   |  7 PagesNations came together and eliminated trade barriers, which enabled Corporation’s to begin foreign direct investment (FDI) in other nations. This resulted, corporations transform into Multinational Enterprises. The movie â€Å"The Grand Seduction† shows the powerful impact FDI’s can have for an economy. This essay will analyze the movie and the following statement â€Å"The attraction and retention of foreign direct investment (FDI) is a complex and m ultifaceted activity for a number of different stakeholders†Read MoreForeign Direct Investment 1561 Words   |  7 PagesFor growing economies, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has momentous advantages over equity and debt capital flows. Most of the foreign firms that start their conduct of business in other countries, they not only come with capital but transfer modern technology, promote human capital by training the host country’s employees according to the change of technology to those countries, and this is the key for the development of the host country. According to author Direct Investment replicates aspire ofRead MoreThe Impact Of Foreign Direct Investments In China1306 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last few decades, foreign investors flock China to take advantage of the fast-growing market. Today, this story has slightly changed. As China grows economically, it has increasingly invested in other foreign markets. These increasing investment deals are part of Chinas plan to triple its global assets by 2020. In fact, Chinese outward direct investments (ODI) in 2015, with a value of $145 billion, accounted for ten percent of the global foreign direct investment flows (Dreger et al., 2017)Read MoreDeveloping Countries During World War II1547 Words   |  7 Pagesnations has strengthened and borrowing of poor countries from the rich countries has increased. The growing link between these two groups of economies increased eventually in addition to the increase in the rate of dependability amongst them. With the rapid growth in wealth and industrialization of the First World, only a few developing countries managed to have adequate economic growth on the line of the developed countries. Many of the developing countries which were poor at that time still remainedRead MoreSUSTAINING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AT DELL Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Spain’s Telefonica 1. What changes in Political and economic environment allowed Telefonica to expand globally? The changes that were involved in the political and economic environment, which allowed Telefonica to start expanding globally, were privatization and deregulation. In addition economic growth, removal of many restrictions on FDI and programs that opened to foreign investors made some countries more attractive to Telefonica for expansion. Spain’s Telefonica was established in theRead MoreA Methodological Critique of Foreign Direct Investment in Development Countries979 Words   |  4 Pageshave tried to figure out if there is a direct link between Foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth of an economy in terms of Gross domestic product (GDP) but a reliable procedure hasn’t been found yet. Sharma (2008) tends to assume that if more investments take place in developing Countries then there will be an augmenting effect on the economy and likewise if there is little or no FDI then there will be a growth retarding effect. The first part of the paper tries to see what other authorsRead MoreForeign Direct Investment: Evolutions and Trends in Developing Nations1096 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy has evolved over the past few decades in an extreme fashion, regarding investment in particular and the way globalized enterprises are now investing in the developing world to increase their production, assets, and interconnected market networks (Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries, Finance and Development/March 1999). As a result of the changing trends of Foreign Direct Investment, developing countries have either benefited from them or stood behind others without any progressRead MoreThe Impact Of Foreign Direct Investments On Developing Countries1667 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal direct investments are thought to bring a considerate amount of economic well-being for developing countries. It is intriguing to observe the true effects of Federal direct investments on developing countries. While FDI has become an outcome of a more globalized world, some countries do not see the same benefits of this phenomenon as other countries. One country that has seen a heavy influx of foreign direct investment is India. This paper briefly addresses both the positive effects of FDI on

Juvenile Programs And Cognitive Approach Essay - 1848 Words

Juvenile Programs and Cognitive Approach The law had defined a line between juvenile and adult offenders. In the United States, if you are under the age of 18 and get into trouble with the law then you will have to face the Juvenile Justice System. Although the age requirement varies amongst states juvenile institutions and programs were created to help treat those who are in trouble with the law. There are several types of Juvenile Institutions and programs. Some provide harsh punishment for young offenders while others focal point emphasizes on treatment and prevention. There are several juvenile correctional facilities such as, training schools which are long term facilities for housing juveniles and serve as a function analogous to adult prisons (Thompson, 2013); Group homes, which resemble a dormitory type of living for juveniles while allowing them to engage in the society with limited participation, and even Detention centers. Juvenile detention centers detain young offenders sentenced by a juvenile court. They are reserved for the most dangerous offenders. Juvenile institutions and programs have changed over time. There are also juvenile programs that necessarily do not punish juvenile’s delinquents but instead help modify their behavior to avoid recidivism. Certain treatments and methods regarding how to deal with these dangerous young offenders were fixed and improved to make these institutions and programs more effective in changing the lives of these youngShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sexual Offending On Adult Offenders1202 Words   |  5 Pagessexual offending focuses on adult offenders, however, juveniles also engage in such behaviors. Official records indicate that juveniles are responsible for 17 to 20 percent of all sexual crimes, except prostitution, and victim reports, as well as, youth self-reports suggest even higher rates of juvenile sexual offending (Letourneau Borduin, 2008). 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The question is what makes people behave disorderly. Youth disorderl y behaviours are studied using different approaches including psychological and sociological approaches. Both psychological and sociological approaches to studying juvenile delinquency are necessary. This essay starts with outlining and defining disorderly behaviour and juvenile delinquency. Then, it will look at the work of EysenckRead MoreEssay on juvenile violence903 Words   |  4 Pages Juveniles Tried As Adults 1 Juveniles Tried As Adults 2 Trying juvenile criminals as adults is unfair. Juvenile offenders are not as cognitively developed or mature as adults and, therefore, should not be held accountable for their crimes in the same way adults are. Many tough-on-crime advocates call for certain juvenile crimes to be automatically heard in adult criminal courts with convicted criminals subject to sentencing under adult standards. Such proposals focus on theRead MoreThe Characteristics Of The Best Behaviors Of Probation Officers1171 Words   |  5 Pagessteps necessary to achieve them. Positive thoughts and behavioral strategies are often the best tool to prevent new crime problems. 2) What specific strategies can departments of juvenile corrections pursue to enlist greater support from the community for community programs? A well developed plan should establish programs and decide who will be placed in community facilities. Unfortunately, no agreement has been reached on how to implement either of these strategies. A department should mount a massiveRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Nature1723 Words   |  7 Pagesperceptions, human behavior, environment along with a Marriage, Counseling, and Family theory which resulted in my theoretical orientation. The theoretical orientation I selected is The Bowen Family Systems Theory. This theory leans towards a cognitive approach rather than an emotional one. The premise of this theory is that it is the nature of the family that its members are emotionally intensely connected guided by systems thinking in exploring the family connections (cite). The level of anxietyRead MoreThe Labeling Theory For Juvenile Delinquency1577 Words   |  7 Pagesare to resist the temptation to commit criminal or delinquency acts, this paper will dissect some important contributions t he labeling theory has made to the study of juvenile delinquency (pg.107). In addition, we will discuss the labeling process, some causes of becoming labeled and also the prevention steps taken to decrease juvenile delinquency. Growing up we all have the possibilities of making mistakes that can either teach us a lesson or cost you your life. In the legal criminal system, we areRead MoreSocial Perspectives on Juvenile Delinquency Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesThe juvenile generation of today has drifted far from the family values that their parents grew up with and tried to pass along to them but there are many loop holes in the generations of yesterday and today. Although, it is not easy to find the true connection between the practices of early childhood development and the social development better known as the recklessness stages of life. Many children fall victim to their environment and end up being a product of the life they see outside theirRead MoreA Short Note On Trauma And Stress Related Disorder1548 Words   |  7 Pagesif when her father was drinking he turned into an â€Å"evil monster†. The general prognosis is that with cognitive behavioral therapy, proper conflict resolution skill s/tools, and support from her family Je’Meya will eventually learn to proper way to resolve conflicts and deal with her anger . Evidence Based Intervention Strategies: A. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treating Anxiety: Cognitive Behavioral therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment for anxiety and stress related disordersRead MoreOf All The Violent Crimes In America, Sexual Assault Has1116 Words   |  5 Pagessexual assault has become one of the fastest growing misconduct under this category. Of those found guilty of sexual offenses, 25% of them were juveniles. Of these offenses that occurred within adult offenders, 50% of them announced that their first offense happened during their pubescent stage (Martin, 2009). To get a hold of the increasing number of juvenile sex offenders, they are many opinion related solutions, other routes like treatment methods, and of course answers within legislation that could

Formal Lab Report free essay sample

Human reaction times vary person to person and often increase with age. This change in reaction time can have little impact on a person’s daily life, such as when answering a ringing telephone. But this change can also have a dramatic impact when driving, working in dangerous environments, and negotiating busy streets and sidewalks. Literature Search â€Å"Reaction time has been used as a psychological test since the mid-19th century (Deary, 1). † Several studies have been conducted dealing with reaction time and the factors that can affect it. In their study titled â€Å"Validation of reaction time as a measure of cognitive function and quality of life in healthy subjects and patients†, Jakobsen, Sorensen, et al studied and reported findings regarding diminished reaction times and the effect that poor health had on those times. Findings were conclusive that the healthier the individual, the better their responses. Hypothesis Individual’s reaction time with their dominant hand is faster than those with their non-dominant hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Conversely, there may be no statistically valid difference in the reaction time from one hand to the other. Experiment To test the variance in reaction time from dominant hand to non-dominant hand we set up an experiment using a simple reaction time test found in the free marketplace on an Android telephone. This application required the user to touch one of four colored stars that match the color of an identified star in the upper right hand corner. The subject was asked to repeat this response 20 times and the total time was scored as the reaction time. If a subject made an incorrect â€Å"touch† then their time would continue until the correctly touched 20 stars. The subject would then be ask to repeat this test with their non-dominant hand. To standardize the testing instructions were provided by my team mates and it was decided that the subject would place the device on a flat surface in front of them and use the index finger on first their dominant hand and then their non-dominant hand. Data was collected for 30 random subjects and analysis performed. Data Analysis Data collected from the 30 random subjects was input and the following summary statistics were produced. Dominant Hand Mean Reaction Time (D)| | | 18. 865 sec. | Median Reaction Time (D)| | | 17. 264 sec. | Variance (D)| | | 28. 235 sec. | Standard Deviation (D)| | | 5. 314 sec. | Non-dominant Hand Mean Reaction Time (N)| | | 17. 734 sec. | Median Reaction Time (N)| | 16. 412 sec. | Variance (N)| | | 16. 130 sec. | Standard Deviation (N)| | | 4. 016 sec. | The graphs below illustrate the mean for each hand as well as error with in plus or minus one standard deviation. Conclusion After conducting this experiment and reviewing the data, a few things became clear. One is that age of the subject had a significant impact on results with both hands. This is presumed to be the result of the interaction with a new technology. Younger subjects seemed to grasp the concept of what they were expected to do more quickly. Second, in this case, familiarity did not breed contempt, but it did breed faster reaction times. As subjects became more comfortable with the application they were using, their response times decreased. The later of these two factors had a more global effect on our outcomes, thus disproving our hypothesis in this case. I do not believe these results to be conclusive or authoritative and simply put, more research is needed. References Deary, I. J. , Liewald, D. amp; Nissan, J. (2011) A free, easy-to-use, computer-based simple and four-choice reaction time programme: The dearly-liewald reaction time task. Behavior Research Methods (Online), 43(1), 258-268. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/920259801? accountid=39001 Jakobsen, L. H. , Sorensen, J. M. , Rask, I. K. , Jensen, B. S. , amp; Kondrup, J. (2011). Validation of reaction time as a measure of cognitive function and quality of life in healthy subjects and patients. Nutrition, 27(5), 561-570. Doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. nut. 2010. 08. 003 Norman, Celia (2011). General Biology 111: Laboratory Manual. Denver, CO: Department of Biology, Arapahoe Community College.

Invertebrate Response to External Stimuli Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Invertebrate Responses to External Stimuli. Answer: Placing ten invertebrates on a petri dish of choice determines their movement rate. Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were chosen for this experimental study. For this, the earthworms were dipped in cold water kept on a petri dish. The experimental results were derived by measuring the organism response by the utilization of the qualitative data and the quantitative data. Qualitative data was determined by counting the number of living worms at the end of the study and quantitative data was determined by description of the conditions for the reaction of the worms towards the applied stimuli. The study was further repeated by the application of various conditions as for the measurement of the response to the stimuli and the applied conditions for stimuli were room temperature, hot water, a combination of light and room temperature and yeast suspension. The primary purpose of the experimental study was the observation of the invertebrates stimuli in the various environments. It is a natural phenomenon that animals keep on adjusting their environment with the required changes according to the environmental changes that occur around them. This is because of the fact that they possess special sense organs that help them to response according to the stimuli of the changing environment. These changes are often regarded as mutuality relationships that exist between the animal and its surrounding atmosphere. These stimulus based adaptive responses are essential for the survival of the animal species. Introduction and Purpose The purpose of this experimental study was the investigation of the invertebrate responses towards external stimuli that consist of hot water, light, water at room temperature, yeast suspension and cold water. The responses of the worms in different atmospheres or external stimuli were different. Like, when dipped in cold water, their rate of movement increases with few ending up in curling and when dipped in hot water, the movement rate was extreme and resulted in death. Apart from these, the other applied external stimuli were water at room temperature and under light in the room temperature water. In both the cases, the movement rate was fast with no death. In the yeast suspension, the rate of movement was quite fast with death resulting in few of them. The result of the present experimental study is expressed in terms of both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data for determining the number of living worms and quantitative data for describing the reactions of the earthworms towards the applied external stimuli. Definition of external stimulus is an essential aspect for understanding this experiment. Stimulus is a phenomenon that incites exertion or action and quickens the rate of action. Invertebrates are defined as the animals that lack internal skeleton and do not possess backbone. Earthworms are the best example for this class of animals. While performing the experiment, gloves should be worn while handling the animals for protection against contamination. The hands should be thoroughly washed with soap before and after handling the invertebrates. The worms should be handled with care and they should be treated gently and with proper respect. After completion of the experiment, the worms should be placed back in the beaker kept on the table for the teacher. Apparatus for the experiment Lamp with reflector Beaker 200 mL Thermometer Timer Petri Dish Ruler Lamp Pipettes Materials for the experiment Earthworms Yeast Hot water Ice cubes and Water Tap water Procedure For the study, an invertebrate animal was chosen, like, an earthworm. The experimental design was based on the background and necessary information about the invertebrate species. A relevant stimulus was selected for producing the consistent invertebrate response like hot water, cold water, yeast suspension, light and water at room temperature. A hypothesis was formulated for recording the response of the invertebrate to the external stimuli. The design of the experiment was based on the negative or positive response of the organism to the selected stimulus. The experimental design had one variable independent with the other variables kept constant. The necessary controls were exerted with the experimental apparatus. The choice chamber was designed to keep one of its sides cold with ice cubes and the other side at room temperature. The experiment was so designed that it can be differentiated between the side of attraction and repulsion of the organism. The organism response was the dependent variable was measured in the study by the qualitative (descriptive) data and quantitative (numerical) data. For achieving reproducible and reliable results, the experiment was repeated twice. Data table was created for recording the observations. The teacher approved the plan after reviewing it. The experimental study was performed. Petri Plate External Stimuli Response to Stimuli 1. Cold water Rapid rate of movement, curling and death 2. Hot water Extremely rapid rate of movement and death 3. Room temperature Moving and alive 4. Yeast suspension Quite rapid rate of movement and alive 5. Light and water at room temperature Rapid rate of movement and alive Discussion The results collected from the experimental study were presented in a tabulated format. Based on the results, it can be said that the worms placed on the various petri dishes under different external conditions of stimuli exhibited different responses. In the first petri dish, cold water was present in which 10 worms were placed. The reaction to this action was that the worms started to move fast, curled up and eventually died. In the second petri dish, warm water was placed and when the worms were placed in it, they started to move very fast and instantly died. In the third petri dish, water at room temperature was kept and the worms moved fast in it and all were alive. In the fourth and fifth petri dish, there was yeast suspension and water at room temperature under light where all the worms were alive and they moved quite rapidly for both the cases. The results of the study demonstrated that there was significant response from the animal to the change in external stimuli and their behavior is overt. In case of invertebrates, they respond to the applied external stimuli and the corresponding activities that are correlated with the internal needs of the organism (John R Meyer, 2006). Different external environments in the petri plates demonstrated different movement types which are called as orientation behaviors. Coordinated movements constitute the orientation behaviors that includes swimming, flying, walking along with many activities that happen as an external stimuli response (John R Meyer, 2006). These are the adaptive survival values that help the invertebrate for locating the stimulus source. Few ambiguities were noticed in the laboratory during the experiment. Worms were used as the primary assumption source for studying the invertebrates movements in response to a stimulus. Not every invertebrate exhibits similar response like a worm and therefore the validity of the study is under question. The living worms indicated a negative or positive response to the external stimuli. The assumption that all the worms were alive when they were introduced to the petriplates is quite doubtful as they were in clumps inside the storage bottle. Therefore, calculating the number of alive or dead worms after the experiment is not an accurate procedure for the study. The desired response can only be achieved if the surrounding temperature is neither too hot nor too cold during the experiment. Surrounding environment plays a crucial role regarding the invertebrates movements, especially for a worm. Before the commencement of the experiment, if the worms are placed in extreme conditions of temperature, their movement might change. Their movements on the petriplates may or may not be exclusively due to the applied stimuli and it has the impact of the external environment as well. Prior to the experiment, the worms are soaked in various types of solutions. This is not a very accurate practice as it has not been pre-determined the attraction or repulsion of the worm for the different solutions as external stimuli factors. Different types of worms must be used for the study, as this will justify the response of different invertebrates to similar or different external stimuli. Safety precautions must be observed during the experiment like wearing glasses and safety goggles, gloves and aprons as the study involve working in proximity to the lights bulbs that are exposed and have chances of shattering. Since the worms are collected from soil, they have stains on them and therefore apron and gloves can prevent shirts and hands from getting dirty. Hot water should be handled carefully as this may cause burns and boils while pouring it on the petri dish. Conclusion The response of the invertebrates to the applied external stimuli is determined by the number of worms that were dead or alive and from the rate of movement of the earthworms on exposing them to the different solutions contained in the petri dish, each representing different external stimuli. The number of worms that remained alive, after the experimental study, indicated the adaptation of the worm to particular external stimuli. References Lener Walter, ( 2009). Responses to Stimuli: The Basis of Behavior. Retrieved from https://www.ableweb.org/volumes/vol-5/3-podwall.pdf Nuffield Foundation, Org. ( 2012). Chamber to Investigate Animal Responses to Stimuli. Retrieved from https://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/using-choice-chamber-investigate-animal-responses-stimuli Wilson W. Jeffrey, (2012). Escape and avoidance learning in the earthworm. Retrieved from https://peerj.com/articles/250.pdf